Abstract

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope has been used to determine the valence state of manganese in La 0.5Ca 0.5MnO 3 at room temperature and at 93 K. An incommensurate charge ordering modulation in La 0.5Ca 0.5MnO 3 was detected by transmission electron microscopy. A structural model, based on the selected area electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy observation, is proposed for the incommensurate modulation.

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