Abstract
The oxide films of 316L and T91 exposed to 350–500 °C steam were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Independent of the exposure temperature, a triplex oxide structure with outer magnetite, inner Cr-rich (Fe1.4Cr1.6O4), and Ni-rich layer formed on 316L, while only a duplex layer with outer magnetite and inner Cr-rich (Fe2.2Cr0.8O4) layer formed on T91. As the fast channels for oxidant and the obstacles for solid-state diffusion, nanopores are distributed evenly in the Cr-rich inner layer and are more abundant in 316L than in T91. The oxidation behavior of the materials was understood based on the microscopic characteristics of the oxide films.
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