Abstract
A ridge network induced by He +-irradiation on a graphite surface was examined by in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the ridge structure appeared in a few seconds from the start of irradiation and developed to the full network structure within a minute, where the ion dose corresponds to less than 0.01 dpa. The analyses of electron diffraction patterns showed that the crystallographic relationship between the matrix and ridges was similar to those of twins as previously reported, but the ridges consisted of curled graphitic sheets rather than a pair of twin bands. We have to conclude from the present results that the formation was affected by collective electronic excitations associated with the high density of energy deposition near the surface, rather than the displacement damage or the accumulation of implanted gas.
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