Abstract
Genome wide studies based on conventional molecular tools and upcoming omics technologies are beginning to gain functional applications in the control and prevention of diseases in teleosts fish. Herein, we provide insights into current progress and prospects in the use genomics studies for the control and prevention of fish diseases. Metagenomics has emerged to be an important tool used to identify emerging infectious diseases for the timely design of rational disease control strategies, determining microbial compositions in different aquatic environments used for fish farming and the use of host microbiota to monitor the health status of fish. Expounding the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as therapeutic agents against different pathogens as well as elucidating their role in tissue regeneration is another vital aspect of genomics studies that had taken precedent in recent years. In vaccine development, prospects made include the identification of highly immunogenic proteins for use in recombinant vaccine designs as well as identifying gene signatures that correlate with protective immunity for use as benchmarks in optimizing vaccine efficacy. Progress in quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is beginning to yield considerable success in identifying resistant traits against some of the highly infectious diseases that have previously ravaged the aquaculture industry. Altogether, the synopsis put forth shows that genomics studies are beginning to yield positive contribution in the prevention and control of fish diseases in aquaculture.
Highlights
Teleosts fish species are one of the largest sources of protein for humans through their extensive production in aquaculture
We provide an overview of the progress and prospects of functional genomics based on conventional single gene sequencing, cloning and characterization together with HTS in the prevention and control of fish diseases in aquaculture [20]
Genomics studies in aquaculture have progressively been transformed into functional applications aimed at improving the quality of fish products by contributing to reducing the disease burden in aquaculture
Summary
Teleosts fish species are one of the largest sources of protein for humans through their extensive production in aquaculture. Genomics studies in aquaculture have evolved from reductionist single gene sequencing to high throughput (HTS) generation sequencing, which has revolutionized our ability to read genomic data from entire metagenomes and transcriptomes [1,2,3] These advances have transformed genomic studies into functional applications used for the discovery of genomic traits linked to disease resistance, discovery of novel pathogens, identification of novel probiotics and antimicrobial compounds [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. We provide an overview of the progress and prospects of functional genomics based on conventional single gene sequencing, cloning and characterization together with HTS in the prevention and control of fish diseases in aquaculture [20]
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