Teleost leukocyte immune-type receptors

Abstract

Leukocyte immune-type receptors (LITRs) are a large family of teleost immunoregulatory receptor-types belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. These immune genes are phylogenetically and syntenically related to Fc receptor-like protein genes (fcrls) present in other vertebrates, including amphibians, birds, mice, and man. In vitro-based functional analyses of LITRs, using transfection approaches, have shown that LITRs have diverse immunoregulatory potentials including the activation and inhibition of several innate immune effector responses such as cell-mediated killing responses, degranulation, cytokine secretion, and phagocytosis. The purpose of this mini review is to provide an overview of fish LITR-mediated immunoregulatory potentials obtained from various teleost model systems, including channel catfish, zebrafish, and goldfish. We will also describe preliminary characterization of a new goldish LITR-specific polyclonal antibody (pAb) and discuss the significance of this tool for further investigation of the functions of fish LITRs.