Abstract
Despite recent advances in assisted reproductive methods and treatments in sustaining fetal viability, recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurring pregnancy loss (RPL) still pose significant problems in the context of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Recent studies focused on the role of immunological factors in the etiology of RIF and RPL. They demonstrated that infertile patients might suffer from dysregulated immune system cell activities, including CD4+ T helper (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs), peripheral natural killer (pNK), uterine natural killer (uNK) cells. Researchers have investigated the use and efficacy of immunosuppressant drugs such as glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and TNF-α blockers in achieving successful implantation in infertile women but the efficacy of these treatments remains to be fully established. We conclude that, although the relationship between immunology and infertility is clear, there is still a long way to go to reach a thorough understanding.
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