Abstract
Manual materials handling has been identified as the most common cause of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Among the manual material handling activities, lifting has long been regarded as an activity associated with a high risk of low-back pain. Lifting studies have mainly focused on the squat and stoop lifting techniques as an effort to improve the protection of workers from low back discomfort. However, neither is ideal and the benefits of one technique over another have proved inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the squat and stoop lifting techniques through analysis of muscles activation by using electromyography. Six volunteers participated in the study, and were required to lift a weight with squat and stoop techniques, with two types of loading at 1,7 kg and 6,7 kg. Observations were made on the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and multifidus muscles. The results of study showed that the squat technique had higher levels of muscle activation compared to stoop technique on rectus femoris muscle. On the contrary, squat technique had lower muscle activation compared to stoop technique on biceps fermoris muscle. Meanwhile, both techniques squat and stoop had the same level of muscle activation on multifidus muscle. Conclusion, squat and stoop lifting techniques had the same opportunities to use.
Highlights
Manual materials handling has been identified as the most common cause of workrelated musculoskeletal disorders
lifting has long been regarded as an activity associated with a high risk
Lifting studies have mainly focused on the squat
Summary
Enam relawan laki-laki dengan umur antara 20-30 tahun berpartisipasi sebagai subjek pada penelitian ini. Teknik squat ditandai dengan posisi awal sudut lutut 45o dan punggung ke depan dengan sudut lebih kecil dari 30o (Wang et al [22], Straker [19]). Pemegangan dilakukan dengan menekuk kaki, sementara punggung dijaga tetap lurus dan aksi pengangkatan utama terjadi sebagai hasil melurusnya lutut yang dikenal dengan mengangkat dengan kaki (leg lift) seperti ditunjukkan pada pada Gambar 1. Postur mengangkat dengan teknik stoop Teknik stoop dicirikan dengan posisi awal punggung membungkuk sekitar 90o dan sudut lutut lebih besar dari 35o (Wang et al [22], Straker [19]). Pengangkatan dilakukan dengan meluruskan daerah lumbar tulang belakang dan sendi pinggul, cara ini dikenal dengan mengakat dengan pinggang (back lift) seperti ditunjukkan pada Gambar 2. Unit peralatan terdiri dari komputer, perekam, penerima, unit transmisi, amplifier, elektrode, dan kabel-kabel penghubung, seperti ditunjukkan pada Gambar 3. Surat / Teknik Squat dan Stoop Menggunakan Electromyography/ JTI, Vol 15, No 1, Juni 2013, pp. 33-38
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