Tectono-stratigraphic Framework of TAL Block, Pakistan Based on Seismic Interpretation

Abstract

The studied area is located in the Kohat Plateau in NW Pakistan in a collision zone resulted by N-S convergence of Eurasia and India. It was less explored area until 1999, when the MOL Plc. with Pakistani partners started a hydrocarbon exploration program. A detailed structural analysis was carried out on the basis of integrated interpretation of field, seismic and borehole data. All seismic data (2D, 3D, old and new) were jointly interpreted, seismic attribute analysis and balancing study were also applied. Two different structural levels can be identified which are composed of different formations. Both of them have own detachment surfaces. Two different tectonic regimes created the complexity of the region, older thin skinned fault bend folds and younger wrench tectonics. The same shortening can be found in the structural maps of horizons of different ages, thus presumably the same stress field formed the different tectonic levels. The most characteristic structures are the thrust faults with southward vergence, but eastwards this trend is flexed towards ENE. Secondary en echelon folds with ENE-WSW axial direction are superposed to the general E-W directed structures. Significant oil and gas fields were discovered in several antiforms by the exploration program.