Tectonism, Subsidence, and Fracturing of Mesaverde Reservoirs in the Piceance Basin, Colorado: ABSTRACT

Abstract

Cretaceous strata in the Piceance basin of northwestern Colorado were subjected to several phases of tectonic, burial, and uplift stress. However, extensive data on fractures in core from the US Department of Energy's Multiwell Experiment (MWX) wells suggest that most of the fractures in the Cretaceous strata in this part of the basin originated during one episode of stress. Time-depth relationships, fracture orientations, and fluid inclusion analyses all indicate that fracturing occurred about 35-40 m.y. during Laramide west-northwest horizontal compression. Most Cretaceous rocks at the MWX site contain a single set of west-northwest extension fractures. Isochore calculations indicate trapping pressures around 325 bars for fluid inclusions in 16 samples of quartz and calcite mineralization from the fractures, suggesting that mineralization occurred in a pressure-temperature regime compatible with the reconstructed burial depths of 10,000-12,000 ft. Younger episodes of stress are recorded in both the post-Cretaceous strata and in the less deeply buried Cretaceous strata near the basin boundaries. However, the effects of these younger stresses are not evident in deeply buried Mesaverde reservoirs at the MWX site in the east-central part of the basin. Moreover, if the orientation of the horizontal compressive stress rotated significantly during the late Laramide, as suggested more » by some authors, its effects are not apparent in the Cretaceous formations examined. Most measurements of ancient and present-day stress in Mesaverde strata at the MWX site indicate only west-northwest Laramide compression. « less