Technology or Spiritual Motivation? The Determinant of Waqifs’ Behavior in Online Waqf in Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the factors influencing donors’ behavior in online waqf, utilizing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) framework. The study focuses on four key variables: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, spiritual motivation as an alternative to hedonic motivation. Additionally, the moderating effect of age on these variables is examined. The sample included 205 Muslim from various cities in Indonesia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and SEM PLS analysis was used to determine the significance of the variables. The findings show that waqifs’ behavior in the context of digital waqf is significantly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and spiritual motivation. Spiritual motivation has the most significant impact on behavioral intention compared to all other variables. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that age has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between the aforementioned variables and donors’ digital waqf behavior. This suggests that the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and spiritual motivation is consistent across age groups. The findings provide valuable insights for nazhir looking to introduce digital waqf in the future, with the factors examined serving as a guideline for better planning and implementation of online waqf. There are limitations and suggestions for future research.