Abstract
To relax the increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints on development, China needs to follow a pattern of growth that comprehensively encompasses economic growth, environmental protection, and resource conservation, namely, green economic growth. The key to achieving green economic growth is to improve green total factor productivity, of which technological innovation and institutional innovation are the primary driving forces. Based on the panel data of 266 cities in China from 2004 to 2018, this paper first uses the Directional Distance Function and Global Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index to measure the urban green total factor productivity to represent urban green economic growth; then, the impact of technological innovation and institutional innovation on urban green economic growth is studied by using the panel Granger causality test and SYS-GMM dynamic panel model. The results are described as follows: China’s urban green total factor productivity shows an increasing trend from 2004 to 2018, and the average growth rate of green total factor productivity is 3.27%, which is far lower than the average GDP growth rate of 9.14%; both technological innovation and institutional innovation can significantly promote the growth of the urban green economy, but institutional innovation has a greater role in promoting the growth of the urban green economy than technological innovation. In addition, the relationship between institutional innovation and urban green economic growth is more stable.
Highlights
IntroductionSince China opened its economy, its economic development has been remarkable
Since China opened its economy, its economic development has been remarkable.China’s economy has maintained a medium to high growth rate, and in 2010, China overtook Japan as the world’s second-largest economy
In the whole research period, the average green total factor productivity of cities is 1.0327, which shows that the actual total factor productivity growth of Chinese cities is 3.27% under the constraints of resources and environment, which is far lower than the actual average GDP growth rate of 9.14%
Summary
Since China opened its economy, its economic development has been remarkable. China’s economy has maintained a medium to high growth rate, and in 2010, China overtook Japan as the world’s second-largest economy. Environmental pollution has affected more than 180 prefecture-level and above cities in China, seriously threatening people’s daily life and bringing great challenges to economic growth [1]. China’s economic development needs to follow a pattern of growth that comprehensively encompasses economic growth, environmental protection and resource conservation, namely, green economic growth. The structural contradictions of China’s economy are prominent and the ability for sustainable development is weak [2]. The obstacles to realising green economic growth are mainly two. (1) First, the growth of the green economy faces some technical obstacles The obstacles to realising green economic growth are mainly two. (1) First, the growth of the green economy faces some technical obstacles
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