Abstract
At present, as a result of climate change and man-caused impact on the environment, fresh drinking quality water deficit is observed in many regions of the world. The sufficiency of fresh water provides high quality of living, the stabilization of the internal and foreign political situation, especially in developing countries. A lot of fresh drinking quality water production technologies are known today. Most of them consume a significant amount of energy and pose a considerable danger to the environment. As a source of energy, as a rule, hydrocarbon raw material is used, which is an exhaustible resource. The authors developed a technology for obtaining fresh water of drinking quality from atmospheric air using the solar energy. The article provides a substantiation of the way of fresh water production from air and also describes the energy balance in its implementation.
Highlights
Out of the total volume of water resources on our planet, only 2.5-3.0 percents refer to sources of fresh water, while only a small part of them are available for use and not all of them are of drinking quality
Modular units are proposed for condensate production.The operating principle of modular plants is based on the forced saturation of atmospheric air with moisture due to the heating and evaporation of sea water by the sun, followed by the release of moisture in a cold condenser located underneath sea level [9]
Closed thermodynamic air cycle allows the plant to operate without any preliminary cleaning of atmospheric air coming from the various impurities for heating and saturation
Summary
Out of the total volume of water resources on our planet, only 2.5-3.0 percents refer to sources of fresh water, while only a small part of them are available for use and not all of them are of drinking quality. Various methods of desalination of sea water are known, which are widely used in the world, including distillation and reverse osmosis technologies [2, 3]. Most of the technologies used today in the world for desalination of sea water are designed for high productivity of fresh water, more than 20 m3 per hour. In many cases there is a need of desalination plants of small (up to 200 liter per hour) and medium (under 20 m3 per hour) capacity [6]. Small and medium-capacity technologies of seawater desalination include condensation process for producing fresh water from atmospheric sea air, devoid of the above disadvantages [7]. The article considers the technology of obtaining fresh water from atmospheric air by condensation using renewable, ecologically clean solar energy
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