Abstract
Bone gelatin is an important and irreplaceable item widely used in the food industry and pharmaceutical production; it is also widely used in tissue engineering and other spheres. Due to widespread use of gelatin it is necessary to search for new safe and effective technologies for bone gelatin production. This research represents the results of enzymatic-acid hydrolysis of raw material in the process of gelatin production. The article presents the results of hydrolysis analyzes, the results of the main quality parameters of the obtained gelatin samples; and the major technological scheme for gelatin production is proposed here. As result of developed technology of enzymatic-acid hydrolysis of bone raw material with the ratio of raw material mass to the volume of solvent (HCl 1M and pepsin with an enzymatic activity of 40 units) as 1:9, duration of exposure: 180 minutes (3 hours), at the stage of demineralization, liming and de-ashing, we obtained samples of gelatin at yield rate of 12.1% from the initial mass of raw materials, which is 6.9% higher in comparison with the lowest yield of gelatin according to the proposed schemes. It is shown that the samples have a high protein mass fraction 91.4%, and a low fat mass fraction 0.4%, the obtained results indicate the high technological qualities of the obtained gelatin sample, this is also confirmed by high strength of gel according to Bloom scale, which value varies within the range of 290 ± 0.7 units.
Highlights
Gelatin is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 20 to 250 kDa
The second problem in gelatin production by the classical scheme is the long duration of certain technological stages of the production process, for example: demineralization, liming and de-ashing of bone raw materials can take up to 30–40 days, and there is a need for vast industrial areas for continuous technological process of gelatin production [9,10]
The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of the duration of hydrolysis according to the developed schemes on the yield of gelatin after extraction; to determine the main indicators of the quality of gelatin samples, which had the highest yield from the mass of the original bone raw material; to develop a major technological scheme for the production of gelatin from bone raw materials
Summary
Gelatin is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 20 to 250 kDa. The main raw material for its production is the skin and bones of farm animals [1, 2]. In the territory of the Russian Federation the production of gelatin still hasn’t grown; so due to this situation a big import dependence on this type of raw material is observed. First of all, this underachievement is caused by complicated multistage processes in the production of gelatin, where large amount of acids, alkali and water are used. The application of a large amount of chemical substances leads to voluminous formation of wastewater If this wastewater is not properly treated and neutralized, the untreated wastewater from gelatin production can cause serious environmental problems [6,7,8]. The second problem in gelatin production by the classical scheme is the long duration of certain technological stages of the production process, for example: demineralization, liming and de-ashing of bone raw materials can take up to 30–40 days, and there is a need for vast industrial areas for continuous technological process of gelatin production [9,10]
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