Abstract

Until recently ground and cover enamels containing fluorine have been used in the industry. Fluorine added to the enamel in the form of Na~AI~, Na~SiF6, NaF, and CaF2 acts as an excellent flux and produces a sharp reduction in the viscosity of the silicate melts, thereby reducing the melting points of the enamels and fusing them onto the surface of the metal articles. However, a high concentration of florine reduces the chemical resistance and increases the brittleness and the tendency to crystallization of the enamels. The main disadvantage of fluorine compounds is their high volatility, as a result of which there is a change in the chemical composition of the enamels; the properties are less stable, and most important of all, the surrounding atmosphere is contaminated with toxic fluorine and its compounds.

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