Technology Focus: Bit Technology and Bottomhole Assemblies (December 2017)

Abstract

Technology Focus Drilling-efficiency improvements, needed to ensure continuous reductions in project cycle time, require holistic drilling-system evaluations. Bottomhole assemblies (BHAs), as part of the drilling system, have dominating effects on the functionality and effectiveness of other system components. BHA design, usage, and monitoring must promote drilling-system compatibility, efficiency, and reliability. BHA design must provide or contribute to the creation of operational conditions that ensure efficient failure and removal of rocks. Additionally, it must enable the use of appropriate drilling parameters as needed by specific applications without compromising efficiencies of other drilling-system components. Research continues to investigate rock-failure mechanisms and the implications the processes have on drilling performance. Through this effort, it has been identified that different drilling parameters are needed for dissimilar rock types, even when rock hardness, hole sizes, well profiles, and hydraulic considerations are the same. In most cases, these findings dictate the need for different BHAs to accommodate appropriate parameter ranges and sweet spots. BHA usage must not create conditions that initiate or promote dynamic dysfunctions. Such a condition, while compromising the functional efficiencies of other drilling-system components, also promotes premature downhole-tool failures. The contributions of micro-doglegs to dynamic dysfunctions, excessive torque and drag, poor weight-on-bit transfer, and other issues have been known for a long time. Research into this area is providing a deeper understanding, together with findings that are bound to improve drilling-parameter management and overall drilling efficiency. Appropriate parameter ranges, and improved BHA compliance with regard to vibrations, improve drilling efficiency. These conditions, though beneficial, are not sufficient to ensure BHA reliability. Considering the effect that BHA failures (e.g., twistoff) have on project cycle time and operational costs, investigators have taken a deeper dive into this issue. With the “whys” and “hows” of BHA failures identified, work flows have been developed to address these reliability issues. Ensuring BHA efficiency and reliability is critical for drilling performance. These requirements must thread through BHA design, usage, and monitoring. Yes, the industry has the tools and know-how, and it can be done. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 183870 A Modified Three-Point-Contact Approach for Dogleg-Severity Modeling by Hossam Gharib, Halliburton, et al. SPE 183037 Testing and Characterization of Shock and Vibration Loads To Enhance Drilling-Tool Reliability and Efficiency by Dennis Heinisch, Baker Hughes, a GE company, et al. OTC 27575 Applying Real-Time Data Analytics To Detect Underreamer Failure Early During Hole Enlargement While Drilling in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico by Xianping Wu, Shell, et al.