Abstract
Carbon-neutral pathways for China's wastewater sector is of great significance, but technical carbon reduction pathways for single wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are not yet clear. This study develops a framework to design technology-driven carbon-neutral pathways at plant-level up to 2050 through four steps. Results shows that the average greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity was assessed at about 0.29 kgCO2eq/m3 from 2011 to 2021. Techno-economic analyses of various low-carbon technologies reveal Sharon-anammox as an effective option for carbon reduction. Additionally, the sensitivity of GHG reduction potential to changes in electricity emission factors highlights the importance of the power sector's clean energy transition. Scenario simulations suggest that approximately 39% of the carbon-neutral target by 2050 will require technological advancements, achievable with a 0.37 $/kgCO2eq investment. This study presents an analysis of the carbon-neutral pathways for a single WWTP system, providing insights into sustainable wastewater treatment practices.
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