Abstract
This narrative review provides a brief overview of the current literature on technology-based interventions for the neurorehabilitation of persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The role of brain–computer interfaces, exergaming/virtual-reality-based exercises, robot-assisted therapies and wearables is discussed. It is expected that technology-based neurorehabilitation will gain importance in the management of PD patients, although it is often not clear yet whether this approach is superior to conventional therapies. High-intensity technology-based neurorehabilitation may hold promise with respect to neuroprotective or neurorestorative actions in PD. Overall, more research is required in order to obtain more data on the feasibility, efficacy and safety of technology-based neurorehabilitation in persons with PD.
Highlights
The study V-TIME addressing the effects of treadmill training augmented with VR showed in a diverse group of older adults that this training led to reduced fall rates compared with treadmill training alone [12]
The Movement Disorders Society (MDS) Task Force on Technology published implementation guidelines to improve the assessment of persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and tailor the symptomatic therapy, since based on PKG® measurements a significant proportion of persons with PD shows a sub-optimal motor symptom control [39,40]
While brain–computer interface (BCI) holds promise for the future, data are currently too scarce to draw any conclusions regarding its usefulness in the management of PD
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Novel technology plays an increasing role in neurorehabilitation. Most studies have focused so far on the possible roles of technology-based neurorehabilitation in neurological disorders with a relatively stable impairment, such as hemiplegia after a stroke. Neurorehabilitation plays an important role in the overall management of PD, and especially in the treatment of L-Dopa-unresponsive symptoms in the moderateto-advanced stages of the disease. The development of technology-aided treatment approaches has gained considerable interest in the rehabilitation of neurological patients. These approaches can be arbitrarily divided into brain–computer interface (BCI) technologies, exergaming and/or virtual-reality (VR)-based exercises, robot-assisted therapies and wearables. This review attempts to provide a brief overview on the use of such innovative technology in the neurorehabilitation of persons with PD. All publications were screened for elegibility for this narrative review and selected according to the investigators’ opinion
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