Technology and the Main Technological Equipment of the Process to Obtain N4HNO3 with Nanoporous Structure

Abstract

Efficient blasting operations for the extraction of mineral resources require specific properties of ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) – porous ammonium nitrate (PAN) – which is the main component of the industrial explosive. These properties provide efficient absorbing and sustainable retaining of the diesel distillate during the transportation and long-term storage. Absorbing and binding abilities of PAN depend on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the nanoporous structure of the surface and inner layers of a granule. The abovementioned abilities are based on the number of nanopores, the distribution of pores according to sizes (nanosized micro-, meso-, and macropores), and the form and depth of the nanopores. Successful forming of pores with various properties on the surface and inside PAN granules requires a rational selection of hydro- and thermodynamic operational indicators of the equipment, which is used for moisturizing (modification) and dehydration of granules. This work presents the outcomes related to the development of the technology for obtaining PAN granules and implementation of granulation, which is the main stage of this technology. It should be noted that the technology of this kind is being developed for the first time and it is unique on the nationwide level. The results of the technology implementation show that the PAN quality target is achieved. The PAN samples were successfully tested in the experimental industrial conditions, and the ANFO explosive properties, based on the obtained PAN, meet the standard requirements.