Technologies of oats cultivation on ordinary chernozem in the Krasnoyarsk region

Abstract

Studies to determine the impact of increasing the flow of biogenic energy in the agroecosystem on the productivity of oats were carried out in 2017-2019 in a stationary field experiment of the laboratory of varietal agricultural technologies. An assessment was made of minimal tillage, using the BDM-6 Rubin disc harrow and direct seeding technology with an improved SZS-2.1 stubble seedier, in comparison with traditional technology based on mouldboard plowing (control). The object of study is the oat variety Tubinsky, which showed a yield of 4 t/ha during variety testing. The crop yield was formed in severe weather conditions, which limited the oat yield to 2.9–3.4 t/ha, which is 15–28% lower than the level during variety testing. The bioenergetic assessment allows us to note that the highest energy coefficient was obtained in the variant of minimal processing with the use of ammonium nitrate (4.8) and direct sowing without the use of mineral fertilizers (4.4). Nitrogen fertilizers, in the form of ammonium nitrate, applied before sowing in the amount of 1 c/ha, contributed to an increase in oat productivity by 7–9%. In general, resource-saving technologies for crop cultivation reduce production costs by 12.6%, and fuel and lubricant consumption is reduced by 42.6% compared to technology based on mouldboard processing. The inevitable growth of weeds in direct sowing areas is reduced by 80% by the use of herbicides. Differences in the yield level between the technology options are insignificant, (Smallest Difference Existing) SDE05 was 0.4 t/ha.