Abstract
The article looks upon bottom-up and top-down approaches in listening comprehension. The overview of the strategies is based on the shift between language systems and language skills, focus on form versus focus on content, as well as students’ difficulties caused by phonological peculiarities of English native speakers’ talk. The author addresses the issues of pragmatics and background knowledge, types of inferences in receptive modes of communication, interactive tasks and their importance for decoding foreign language massages, compensatory and affective strategies in teaching, heuristic and reflective aspects in education, problem-solving activities and CLIL (content and language integrated learning). Criteria for choosing the appropriate strategy in listening comprehension are listed and examples of classroom activities are given.
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