Abstract
Currently the global demand for electricity and drinking water is constantly increasing. Given its many economic, social and environmental benefits, hydro energy will be an important contributor to the energy mix of the future. Isolated areas, heavily underdeveloped regions, disaster-affected areas have a common need of easy-to-use means to generate electricity. The most efficient way to meet these needs involves the use of various renewable energy resources available locally. One of the main sources of renewable energy is hydro energy, more specifically micro-hydro energy. However, hydropower projects involve various considerations at different levels of project implementation. To make the most of the available hydropower potential, new models of hydraulic turbines were developed. For a cost-effective and efficient hydropower project, the selection of the hydraulic turbine must be optimally studied. The objective of the present work is to carry out a review of the optimum selection mode of the hydraulic turbine that equips a micro hydropower plant (MHP).
 
Highlights
The energy from renewable sources is the energy produced from renewable non-fossil sources which, when considered on a human time scale, it naturally recovers
This paper provides additional insights into the technology used in micro hydropower plant (MHP) and, in particular, the turbines that are used to equip the MHP
This paper examines from a technical point of view, the optimal way of selecting a hydraulic turbine in the case of small hydropower projects
Summary
The energy from renewable sources is the energy produced from renewable non-fossil sources which, when considered on a human time scale, it naturally recovers. Increasing the use of energy from renewable sources could reduce the EU's dependence on fossil fuels and energy imports, contributing to the security of its energy supply. The main development agencies involved in the supply of electricity in rural areas in many countries recommend the use of micro-hydroelectric plants (MHP) as the most robust and reliable source of electricity generation outside the grid. For MHP economicity depends on: → the location and the related investment (including administrative expenses) → installed power and probable energy production (flow rate, gross head) → distance from the hydro graphic network → maintenance needs (degree of automation, remote operation without personnel, reliability) → the financial conditions and the tariff of the produced energy
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