Technological tools and Biosensors for detection and diagnosis of COVID-19

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is a novel coronavirus. There is a constant increase in number of positive cases for COVID-19. The objective of this review is to study technology tools and sensors available for detection and diagnosis of COVID-19. COVID -19 pandamic has created surge demand for essential health care instrumentation, medicines along with technology and tools for proper control and management of corona virus. Diagnosing and screening of COVID-19 is possible using nucleic acid testing and CT scans. In this study, we have described Field-effect transistorbased graphene sensor and Plasmonic Photothermal(PPT) biosensor for highly accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection. A dual-functional localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor combining the photothermal effect and plasmonic sensing transduction is used for SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid detection. FET based sensor for COVID- 19 used a graphene channel coupled to the SARS-CoV- 2 spike antibody with the efficient gating effect of the FET through phosphate -buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) buffer as the electrolyte covering. The aqueous solution-gated FET system detects SARS-CoV-2 based on electrical signal due to changes in channel surface potential. Industry 4.0 technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of things(IOT) have helped in early detection and diagnosis. AI can build an intellegent platform with neural network for automatic monitoring and prediction of the spread of virus.IOT can assist in diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients and can help in setting in advanced clinical work. Industry 4.0 technologies improve the working efficiency of the health care professional and provide better solution.