Abstract
Abstract Paper aims This paper presents the results of technological analysis on wind energy based on patent documents classified with code F03D – “Wind Motors.” Originality Despite several studies on wind energy, this paper follows a different approach, presenting an overview that brings together technical and market information through social network analysis methods. Research method The study covered data from 55,223 documents filed in the principal patent offices of the world, obtained from the Derwent Innovations Index. The publications were organized and analyzed through correlation and technology transfer networks. Main findings General Electric (GE) and European companies have dominated the wind energy industry. However, in the last years, companies from emerging countries are also penetrating and becoming major players. Emphasis can be given to China, which has a deposit pattern detached from the rest of the world. Implications for theory and practice This study indicates that these companies became important turbine manufacturers and started to invest in developing new technologies and seek patent protection. Companies from emerging countries are new entrants, and their performance is still restricted to few markets compared to traditional companies.
Highlights
The growing concern about sustainability and environmental regulations to comply with international agreements for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are factors that have stimulated the development and use of renewable energy sources (Hao & Shao, 2021)
This code is part of the International Patent Classification (IPC) Green Inventory developed by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to facilitate the search for patent information related to Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs), according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Regarding the main wind turbines developer countries, the survey pointed out China, United States, Germany, South Korea, and Japan as the leading countries developing wind motors technologies
Summary
The growing concern about sustainability and environmental regulations to comply with international agreements for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are factors that have stimulated the development and use of renewable energy sources (Hao & Shao, 2021). These aspects make wind power increasingly more attractive regarding economic and environmental factors (Islam et al, 2013) Many of these innovations resulted from increased investment and attractive policies to stimulate installed capacity expansion and the use of wind energy in several countries (Chang et al, 2021; Hille et al, 2020; Sahu, 2018). Wind turbine technology significantly improved generated power output and efficiency, reducing generation costs due to increased capacity factors such as more prominent towers with larger blades (Kumar et al, 2016; Agalar & Kaplan, 2018; Sadorsky, 2021). The study based on wind energy patents presented in this article has a special approach It is focused on the major countries and companies that develop wind turbines and aims to answer the following questions:.
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