Abstract
The article presents the results of determining the ways for intensification of coal-washing dumps bioleaching aimed at maximizing the recovery of rare metals in a short time by activating of the aboriginal association of microorganisms. Modern and classical methods of investigation were used in the work like atomic absorption, spectral, mathematical planning of the experiment adapted to the plan in Greek-Latin squares etc. The potentiometric method and an author’s patented electrochemical cell were used to measure the redox potential (Eh) and pH. It is recommended to carry out a process of bacterial leaching of germanium and gallium from coal mine dumps using various nutrient media and conditions (as their effectiveness decreases): optimum nutrient media (ONM), obtained by the mathematical planning of the experiment; media 9K with 44,5 g/dm3 FeSO4.7H2O at Eh=0,65 V; media 9К with 15,0 g/dm3 Fe2(SO4.)3.7H2O; media 9К with 44,5 g/dm3 FeSO4.7H2O. This allows extracting 81.5–93.5 % and 75.5–89.5 % of germanium and gallium, respectively, from coal mines dumps depending on the conditions for 4–7 days. It is recommended to add to the ONM a bacterial preparation, obtained on the basis of association of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Lv black 37 and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Lv red 9 strains, isolated from coal mines dumps. The technological scheme is proposed and the results of the biotechnology tests on an enlarged scale on the experimental stand of three consecutive tank units, using the ONM and the bacterial preparation, are presented. It shows its high efficiency and the possibility of obtaining ecologically safe and promising dumps for further use, as well as germanium-containing solutions suitable for further processing with the aim of obtaining of the rare metal concentrate.
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