Technological environments for visual independence in later years

Abstract

The increasing number of older people with minor or major visual impairments calls for further efforts in Research, Design, Development, and Distribution (RDDD) to maximise independence in private and public space. In order to promote enhancement and satisfaction of life for the potential target group, prevention of age related eye diseases comes first, closely followed by compensation of diminished visual functions. The main domains of daily life may require different solutions; in particular mobility is largely dependent on the whole visual field, while recognition depends rather on fine resolution in the centre of the visual field. The rapid progress of technology presents both increased visual demands and enhanced options for visual independence. A bird’s eye view is offered on the ageing eye and on eye diseases that tend to come with increasing age. Next, the different visual requirements of daily tasks are introduced with an emphasis on reading. Finally, the specific contributions to the special issue are introduced: review on technical aids, visualisation of visual impairments, evaluation of accommodating implant lenses, visual requirements of light emitting diodes, and visual requirements for walking. Best practices concern: legibility requirements, exposing illegible printings, nutrients that contribute to the prevention of age-related eye disease, and a proposal of a user interface for a smart cane.