Abstract
Biodiesel or known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), is a diesel fuel substitute derived from the transesterification reaction of triglycerides with alcohol in the presence of suitable catalyst. The demand for biodiesel is increasing due to environmental and health awareness, as well as diminishing energy security. However, the presence of impurities in biodiesel will affect engine performance by corroding fuel tubes and damaging the injectors. Common methods for the purification of biodiesel include water washing, dry washing and membrane separation. This mini review compares the technological advancement for efficient enhancement of biodiesel and glycerol refining between wet washing, dry washing (activated compound, biomass-based adsorbents and silica-based adsorbents), ion exchange and membrane separation technology. The percentage of glycerol residues, soap, alcohol and catalyst from crude biodiesel was compared to reflect the resulting biodiesel purity variation. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were also discussed.
Highlights
Nowadays, there is an increasing trend in global energy demand due to rapid industrialization and population growth [1]
Known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), is a diesel fuel substitute produced by transesterifying triglycerides, which are the main component in many feedstock oils such as edible and non-edible oils, with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst [8]
Water washing has many disadvantages. This technique utilizes a lot of water, leftover compounds and soap generated in the biodiesel production effectively [13]
Summary
There is an increasing trend in global energy demand due to rapid industrialization and population growth [1]. Tremendous efforts are currently being made to find the best alternative fuels that could reduce environmental deterioration and energy consumption Renewable sources such as biofuels (biodiesel, biogas and bioethanol) are adopted as substitute for conventional petroleum fuel [4,5]. Known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), is a diesel fuel substitute produced by transesterifying triglycerides, which are the main component in many feedstock oils such as edible and non-edible oils, with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst [8]. Processes 2021, 9, 1198 known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), is a diesel fuel substitute produc transesterifying triglycerides, which are the main component in many feedstock oil as edible and non-edible oils, with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst [8].
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