Technogenically Disturbed Lands of Coal Mines: Restoration Methods

Abstract

The issues of human impact on the environment are evident and pose a threat to the health and well-being of future generations. Technogenic disturbances in coal mining sites, such as open pits, excavations, and industrial waste, pose risks to both human health and the environment. Open-pit coal mines not only frequently cause the destruction of natural ecosystems, including landscapes, vegetation, and biodiversity, but they also significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Addressing the carbon footprint necessitates not only the use of renewable energy but also the restoration of disturbed landscapes and vegetation, including trees and shrubs. All of this is achieved by implementing biological remediation within technogenically disturbed territories. This process fosters a return of biological balance and establishes favorable conditions for plant and animal life, while at the same time reducing carbon footprint indicators. The biological remediation of areas affected by the mining activities of coal mines can create new economic opportunities. The reclaimed land can be utilized for various purposes such as agriculture, forestry, park development, and tourism, thereby contributing to local economic growth and job creation. When planning measures for land bioremediation, it is essential to analyze all quality indicators of the land. In this case, the selection of technologies such as plants, fertilizers, and microorganisms can effectively restore territories.