Techno-economic viability analysis of fixed-tilt and two axis tracking stand-alone photovoltaic power system for Indian bio-climatic classification zones

Abstract

This study examines the viability analysis of fixed-tilt and two axis tracking stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) power systems for electrical power generation in bio-climatic classification zones of the northeastern (NE) states of India where many remote villages are still un-electrified. Grid extension is not possible in many zones of the NE states of India because of the mountainous terrain. Therefore, as an alternative for un-electrified remote villages, the usage of stand-alone PV power systems may mitigate the power shortage problem. Based on the simulation model, the techno-economic analysis is carried out by using 22 years' of satellite-based monthly average solar radiation and temperature data. The typical load profile is also assumed for the purpose of analysis, which replicates the electrical appliances used by the end-users. The optimal fixed-tilt and optimal tracking PV system configuration along with optimal cost of energy (COE) is also obtained. The COE is found to be 0.383–0.497 $/kWh for the fixed-tilt PV system, and the same for the tracking PV system is obtained in the range of 0.523–0.732 $/kWh. From the fixed-tilt and tracking PV system, the monthly average electrical power, monthly average excess electrical power, monthly average unmet electrical load, monthly average inverter power, battery state of charge, and battery input power over the year are detailed, analyzed, and compared. Moreover, the capacity factor obtained in the case of a fixed-tilt PV system lies within the range of 14.2%–17.7% and the same is 17.6%–22.7% for the tracking PV system. Also, the findings of this study reveal detailed information regarding techno-economic and performance analysis of fixed-tilt and tracking PV power systems, which may help policy makers or investors to develop PV technology for the NE states of India.