Abstract
The problem inhibiting the popular use of solar water heating systems is the cost of the delivered useful energy which has to be estimated with proper techno-economics. The numerical calculations are made for Indian market conditions and Delhi (India) climate for open loop water heating systems and closed loop water heating systems, with a heat exchanger in the collector loop. The basic problem which deserves to be considered for all types of solar water heating systems is the optimization of the collector with respect to the cost of useful delivered energy for various storage capacities. It was observed from computation that the cost of solar energy comes out to be more than for electrical energy which has been highly subsidized in the alternative systems. The cost of useful delivered energy comes out around the cost of electrical energy without a subsidy and 10% less with a subsidy. The optimized collector area for 70°C desired temperature for 200 l. of daily hot water demand comes out to be 2.5 m 2 for 801. of tank capacity and 2 m 2 with a heat exchanger in the collector loop. The cost of the useful delivered energy will be more if an auxiliary heating system is provided inside the storage tank instead of at load. For a forced flow system, the cost of the delivered useful energy comes out 15% higher.
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