Abstract
The adoption of renewable energy sources (RES) offers a significant opportunity for nations across the world to achieve regional decarbonization. Nevertheless, the substantial penetration levels of RES can cause grid overcapacity and operational challenges. In Japan, photovoltaic (PV) third-party ownership (TPO) has emerged as the primary implementation approach aimed at bolstering collective energy self-consumption. However, economic uncertainties raise concerns about the financial feasibility of TPO for both developers and customers. This work presents a techno-economic analysis of rooftop PV-Only and PV-Battery system implementation, assessing the economic feasibility of TPO based on compensation mechanisms for project developers and five customer types at the regional scale. The results indicate that the TPO model is economically feasible, as the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of developers is from 8.98 to 9.90 ¢/kWh. Additionally, the power purchase agreement (PPA) strategy provides up to 19.12 % higher benefits than the lease strategy (commercial building scenario). On the other hand, the economic performance of the energy storage strategy is inferior to that of the net energy metering strategy, as it relies on fluctuations in market electricity tariffs. This study provides valuable insights for regional decarbonization policies and helps different stakeholders make informed investment decisions.
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