Abstract
Water electrolysis provides a pathway to meet increasing hydrogen demand. However, it is currently more expensive than hydrogen production methods relying on fossil fuels. By providing kinetic and thermodynamic benefits, high temperatures and pressures can increase the overall energy efficiency and reduce costs. In this work, experimental data were collected to build an electrochemical model for supercritical water electrolysis. Our analysis, combined with a model reported previously, indicate that supercritical water electrolysis is achievable, but it is not the most economical choice for hydrogen production. However, high pressure operation at 280 °C can achieve higher economic efficiency compared with contemporary water electrolysis at lower temperatures and pressures. A thorough optimization of the model highlights the challenges to achieve the US Department of Energy’s targets for green hydrogen ($2 kgH2-1) without subsidies.
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