Techno-Economic Optimization of Microgrid Operation with Integration of Renewable Energy, Hydrogen Storage, and Micro Gas Turbine

Abstract

Microgrids are integral to modern energy systems, yet they face substantial challenges in integrating diverse components, managing complex dynamics, and ensuring stability amid renewable energy variability. This study investigates the integration of wind turbines, an electrolyzer, and a hydrogen-compatible micro gas turbine (MGT), with a focus on enhancing operational efficiency and maintaining dynamic equilibrium within the microgrid. The synergy between the electrolyzer and MGT provides a robust energy storage solution, improving both system stability and performance.Using advanced machine learning and real operational data, this research generates highly accurate, rapid models with greater precision and detail than conventional methods. The intelligent management system developed combines real-time optimization and adaptive fine-tuning, using forecasts of weather, electricity prices, and energy demand to devise optimized operational strategies. The study systematically analyzes various configurations, including grid-connected and island modes, and evaluates the impact of hydrogen storage in each scenario.The results demonstrate that the optimization approach substantially enhances economic returns. However, this can also lead to increased natural gas consumption and emissions, revealing a trade-off between financial gains and environmental sustainability. This highlights the necessity for strategies that reconcile economic incentives with sustainability objectives, offering valuable insights for improved microgrid management.