Abstract
This paper introduces a novel trigeneration system comprising a reverse osmosis (RO) unit, a closed-air open-water humidification dehumidification desalination (CAOW-HDH) cycle, combined heating and power (CHP) generators, and a gravity energy storage (GES) system. Series parabolic trough collectors serve as clean heat sources for the CAOW-HDH process. The microgrid's flexibility is demonstrated by considering two CHP units with different convex and non-convex operating regions. Four cases validate a water-heat-power nexus model's robustness and cost-effectiveness. Case 1 doesn't include GES and demand-side management (DSM) strategy. Case 2 adds GES technology. Case 3 assesses economic dispatch strategy under DSM. Case 4 integrates both GES and DSM. The objective function minimizes the total operation cost of the CHP units over a 24-h study period plus the daily cost of electricity purchased from the local power distribution company, considering all technical limitations of system components. The results indicate potential operational cost savings of $88 (~3.2 %), $129 (~4.7 %), and $217 (~8.0 %) per day under GES operation, DSM, and both GES operation and DSM, respectively. Additionally, when applying the DSM strategy to the fresh water consumption pattern, the electrical power consumption of the RO unit decreases by 25 % during the peak load period (t = 12–20).
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