Abstract
The tremendous scale of protected vegetable cultivation incidentally produces considerable vegetable residue, which refers to the remaining parts of plants after the final harvest. The low use rate of vegetable residue results in nutrient waste and environmental pressure in China. In this study, we put forward vegetable residue directly returned to the soil and investigated its feasibility. Residue return was steadily conducted 5 times in a Chinese solar greenhouse with the cucumber–tomato rotation pattern. Results showed that residue return increased the soil alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen and available potassium contents by 4.97–26.22% and 9.31–21.92%, respectively, along with slightly reduced soil pH and bulk density by 1.00–5.39% and 6.72–11.81%, respectively. Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the major phyla with noticeable changes when residue return was conducted 5 times. Fruit yield began to obtain remarkable increase by 5.81–9.26 t·ha−1 after residue return was conducted 3 times, bringing about additional profits of 5382.0–8519.2 USD·ha−1. Residue return could cut down the disposal expense of vegetable residues by 480.89 USD·ha−1. Moreover, residue return could supplement nutrients to soil, potentially contributing to reducing chemical fertilizer inputs. In conclusion, in situ vegetable residue return could be considered to be a feasible and sustainable use technique for vegetable residues in the Chinese solar greenhouse.
Highlights
With rapid economic development and population growth, the area of protected vegetable cultivation in China has dramatically increased, approaching 3.92 million ha in2016
Our results will provide a better understanding of the technical feasibility of the application of in situ vegetable residue return in the Chinese solar greenhouse
The lower C/N ratio of vegetable residues and the increased soil TN content resulted in a decreased soil C/N
Summary
With rapid economic development and population growth, the area of protected vegetable cultivation in China has dramatically increased, approaching 3.92 million ha in. The main use methods for vegetable residues are anaerobic digestion [3] and composting [4]. The former converts vegetable residues into ethanol and biogas [5]. The cucumber–tomato rotation cultivation pattern is commonly adopted to reduce the adverse effects of continuous cropping on soil quality. This study was designed to investigate the effects of in situ vegetable residue return on soil physicochemical characteristics, soil microbial communities, and vegetable yield with the cucumber–tomato rotation cultivation pattern. Our results will provide a better understanding of the technical feasibility of the application of in situ vegetable residue return in the Chinese solar greenhouse
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