Techno-economic evaluation of PEVs energy storage capability in wind distributed generations planning

Abstract

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can be used for renewable energy dispatching in both operation and planning of distribution networks. In this paper, wind distributed generations (WDGs) are planned based on vehicle to grid (V2G) operation mode of PEVs. The optimal long-term planning is based on optimal short-term scheduling considering all related uncertainties. A comprehensive model of the batteries degradation is considered in the objective function. A two-layer optimization procedure is proposed in which the optimal location and capacity of WDGs are determined in first layer, while optimal charge and/or discharge of PEVs are scheduled in the second layer, subject to technical constraints. The numerical results delineate the capability of PEVs in V2G operation mode for wind energy dispatching in WDGs planning. The simulation results show the storage capability of PEVs will increase by their number growing. Therefore, the operation and planning costs of WDGs will be reduced if the PEVs penetration to be high. The capacity of installed WDGs in smart charging scenario is less than uncoordinated charging scenario as the PEVs properly dispatch WDGs in smart charging strategy. Moreover, the results show that the PEVs battery degradation cost limit the participation rate of PEVs in WDGs dispatching.