Techno-economic analysis of the DNO operated distribution system for active and reactive power support using modified particle swarm optimisation

Abstract

The distribution network operator (DNO) needs to allocate DG and DSTATCOM capabilities efficiently to satisfy growing load demand. The optimal allocation of single and multiple DG and DSTATCOM units under various operational limitations is obtained by utilising a novel and modified PSO technique based on butterfly sensitivity and nectar probability parameters. The butterfly-based PSO (BFPSO) is implemented in balanced IEEE 33 and unbalanced 25 bus radial distribution systems using single- and multi-objective functions formulated for different cases. The simulation results demonstrated that the BFPSO algorithm is robust, rapidly converges, and produced superior results when compared to the original PSO technique. Constant power and battery charge load models are considered for the techno-economic analysis. Active and reactive power losses are hugely decreased with the voltage profile enhancement, advancement in the VSI graph, and raised a net profit of DNO, demonstrating the proposed approach’s effectiveness for DS’s excellent technical and economic achievement.