Techno-economic Analysis of Hydrogen Production Using Biomass Gasification -A Small Scale Power Plant Study

Abstract

Hydrogen has the potential to be a clean alternative to the fossil fuels currently used. This is especially true if hydrogen is manufactured from renewable resources such as biomass. However, hydrogen from biomass faces techno and economic challenges especially in the small size required for the decentralized hydrogen production. In this purpose, a techno economic analysis was carried out on small scale (100kWth) system. The plant is mainly composed of gasifier (double bubbling fluidized bed reactor) coupled with a Portable Purification Unit (PPS: catalytic filter candles, Water Gas Shift and Pressure Swing Absorption). This work focuses on system costs to identify barriers to the development of this technology. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to study hydrogen production cost as a function of capital cost, operating cost and hydrogen production efficiency. The results showed that although efficiency of the production system is the main factor to fall production cost, it cannot be able to reduce costs to favorable level alone. In other words, PPS cost recognized as the major cost is requisite to go down. Therefore, the 50% reduction of PPS cost and the variation of steam to biomass from 1 to 1.5 allow the special cost to fluctuate between 12.75-9.5 €/kg.