Abstract
Solar energy has attracted the attention of researchers around the world due to its advantages. However, photovoltaic (PV) panels still have not attained the desired efficiency and economic mature. PV tracking techniques can play a vital role in improving the performance of the PV system. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare the technical and economic performance of grid-connected hybrid energy systems including PV and fuel cells (FC) by applying major types of PV tracking technique. The topology and design principles and technical description of hybrid system components are proposed in this paper. Moreover, this paper also introduces economic criteria, which are used to evaluate the economy of different PV tracking techniques and seek the optimal configuration of system components. In the case study, the results show that the vertical single axis tracker was ranked 1st in terms of highest PV generation, penetration of renewable energy to the grid, lowest CO2 emission, highest energy sold to the grid and lowest purchased, and lowest net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The study found that the optimal design of a grid-connected hybrid energy system (PV-FC) was by using a vertical single axis tracker which has the lowest NPC, LCOE.
Highlights
Climate warming and pollution are major concerns around the world due to reliance on fossil fuel for energy supply; 82% of the global energy supply using fossil fuel for electricity generation causes40% of global carbon dioxide emissions
The colony selection algorithm (CSA) has been used for optimizing a hybrid energy system (PV/wind /fuel cells (FC)), the results indicated that
The result based on simulation is implemented for different designs of the grid-connected hybrid energy system (PV-FC)
Summary
Climate warming and pollution are major concerns around the world due to reliance on fossil fuel for energy supply; 82% of the global energy supply using fossil fuel for electricity generation causes40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Fossil fuel has the disadvantages of fluctuating prices, transportation difficulties, and finite resources All these concerns push the world to seek for alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly and renewable [1]. In this regard the development of renewable resources such as solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower attracts attention to overcome traditional fossil fuel challenges. 1938.5.it has flourished agricultural cultivating different kinds planets as cereals, vegetables, selected as the location of theoasis, government experimental farm of since. Addition, different other economic asas livestock, breeding, andand poultry agricultural oasis, In cultivating kinds activities of planetssuch such cereals, horse vegetables, dates, fruits
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