Abstract
BackgroundHouseholds, as end energy users, consume grid electricity to meet their energy demands. However, grids across the globe for energy production are majorly based on fossil fuel technology and make the highest contributions to global warming and climate change due to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. This generic study aims to investigate the minute role of a single-end energy consumer in GHG mitigation by switching to a rooftop PV system to meet his energy demands and trading surplus energy to the grid through its techno-economic analysis.MethodFor the study impact, NASA Meteorological Data are used to select an ideal single energy user equipped with a 10-kW PV system based on annual average daily solar radiation and ambient temperature through MATLAB/Simulink, for 11 populous cities in Pakistan. Helioscope software is used to select tilt and azimuthal angles to maximize the solar radiation intercept. Afterward, RETScreen software is used for cost, financial and GHG analysis.Result and conclusionA single end energy user equipped with a 10-kW PV system switched to a green energy source from a fossil fuel-based grid has the potential to avoid the burning of 3570.6 L of gasoline by producing 16,832 kWh of green energy per annum, while financially recovering the 10-kW PV system’s 7337$ grid-tied investment in 5 years (equity) and in 9 years (equity) in a 9077$ stand-alone system over its 25-year life. This approach provides relief to end energy users from high priced grid electricity through environmental friendliness by mitigating 8.3 tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per annum from energy production, while providing relief to the main grid by grid stabilization through peak shaving, in the broad sense.
Highlights
Energy serves as the backbone of the modern era, while developing countries face severe energy shortages [1]
Result and conclusion: A single end energy user equipped with a 10-kW PV system switched to a green energy source from a fossil fuel-based grid has the potential to avoid the burning of 3570.6 L of gasoline by producing 16,832 kWh of green energy per annum, while financially recovering the 10-kW PV system’s 7337$ grid-tied investment in 5 years and in 9 years in a 9077$ stand-alone system over its 25-year life
This study considers the grid-tied small-capacity PV system-equipped end energy user an important role in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions mitigation analysis by selecting the optimal location of a 10-kW end energy user PV system among 11 populous cities in Pakistan using two main respective geographical parameters; annual average daily solar radiation potential and annual average ambient temperature with PV system output in MATLAB/Simulink software for detailed analysis
Summary
Energy serves as the backbone of the modern era, while developing countries face severe energy shortages [1]. This study considers the grid-tied small-capacity PV system-equipped end energy user an important role in GHG emissions mitigation analysis by selecting the optimal location of a 10-kW end energy user PV system among 11 populous cities in Pakistan using two main respective geographical parameters; annual average daily solar radiation potential and annual average ambient temperature with PV system output in MATLAB/Simulink software for detailed analysis. It provides valuable monthly average data for multiple key factors, like daily solar radiation-horizontal, air and Earth temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure over a whole year. PV system electrical specifications, and main inverter data are provided in Tables 5, 6, and 7
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