Abstract
The development of ambulatory monitoring systems and its electrocardiographic (ECG) signal processing techniques has become an important field of investigation, due to its relevance in the early detection of cardiovascular diseases such as the arrhythmias. The current trend of this technology is oriented to the use of portable equipment and mobile devices such as Smartphones, which have been widely accepted due to the technical characteristics and common integration in daily life. A fundamental characteristic of these systems is their ability to reduce the most common types of noise by means of digital signal processing techniques. Among the most used techniques are the adaptive filters and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) which have been successfully implemented in several studies. There are systems that integrate classification stages based on artificial intelligence, which increases the performance in the process of arrhythmias detection. These techniques are not only evaluated for their functionality but for their computational cost, since they will be used in real-time applications, and implemented in embedded systems. This paper shows a review of each of the stages in the construction of a standard ambulatory monitoring system, for the contextualization of the reader in this type of technology.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the main cause of death in the world are cardiovascular diseases, which claim the lives of approximately 17.9 million people a year, this means more than 31% of the total deaths that occur in the world
In this article we reviewed the current status and trends in these techniques, and observed that those ambulatory monitoring techniques that are based on the use of mobile devices such as Smartphones, are widely accepted by researchers, due to the processing capacity, possibility of internet connection, portability and integration ability that such devices have
Other advantages of using Smartphones in ambulatory monitoring are the ease of acquisition and acceptability by the patient, since these devices have become an integral part of daily life
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the main cause of death in the world are cardiovascular diseases, which claim the lives of approximately 17.9 million people a year, this means more than 31% of the total deaths that occur in the world. There are types of arrhythmias whose symptoms manifest sporadically, and are not detected during the standard ECG test, due to the short time of the test [4], [5] In these cases, ambulatory ECG (ECGA) monitoring of 24 hours or more, called Holter, is used. Holter is not the only ambulatory monitoring technique, other current techniques include the use of portable devices called “cardiac event monitors”, which allow long-term monitoring, weeks and even months The characteristics of these devices include the ability to detect, store, transmit, and analyze the ECG signal; they are lightweight and comfortable so that their use does not represent a nuisance to the patient [20]-[22]. This article is organized as follows: Section 2 describes different acquisition schemes for ambulatory monitoring; Sections 3 and 4 present signal processing techniques for noise elimination and ECG signal classification; Section 5 presents the conclusions obtained
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