Abstract
Multimedia has become one of the most important sources of information and communication on the web. However, despite recent technological progress, people with disabilities and the elderly face difficulties accessing multimedia on the web. In some cases, these difficulties are impossible to overcome and are a fundamental cause of digital exclusion. Given the importance of this topic, several investigations on the problems of accessing multimedia resources have been carried out. Some organizations have also proposed certain standards to guide the creation and publication of accessible web content. Nevertheless, the authoring tools used in the process of publishing multimedia on the web do not offer all the accessibility features required. Authoring tools can also be used by people who do not have knowledge about web accessibility or programming, resulting in web publications lacking accessibility. This research proposes 278 novel techniques to guide authors, designers, programmers, and testers in the publication of accessible and inclusive multimedia on the web. These techniques are designed to guarantee the compliance with the recommended success criteria of Authoring Tools Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0 of the World Wide Web Consortium. Moreover, these techniques can be used to evaluate the accessibility of the existing authoring tools used to create multimedia for the web. Additionally, we present 80 possible failures that can cause the non-fulfillment of ATAG 2.0. These failures can help authors discern what to avoid and help evaluators check whether particular multimedia is accessible.
Highlights
The most recent world report on disability presented by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 revealed that 15% of the world population, approximately 1 billion people, has some type of disability [1]
Our research considers HTML 5.2, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) 2.0, and we focus on part B of Authoring Tools Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0, which allowed us to propose techniques that can be used by evaluators in the publication of accessible and even multimedia on the web
Our research is not focused on media players or user agents; in contrast, we focus on providing authors and authoring tools for techniques to meet the success criteria of ATAG 2.0 related to the multimedia
Summary
The most recent world report on disability presented by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 revealed that 15% of the world population, approximately 1 billion people, has some type of disability [1]. Of this total, approximately 110 million people experience considerable difficulties in functioning, and 190 million people have a ‘‘severe disability’’ (the equivalent of disability inferred for conditions such as quadriplegia, severe depression, or blindness) [1]. An audio description is added during pauses in the dialogue
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
