Techniques for Improving Performance of Hybrid Snooping Cache Protocols

Abstract

Bus-based multiprocessors constitute a cost-effective class of shared-memory multiprocessors. Private caches are the key to an efficient utilization of the shared bus, and most such systems use a write-invalidate cache-coherence protocol to keep the caches coherent. Two important factors that limit the performance of the system are cache misses that lead to long-latency reads and bus congestion because of read misses and coherence traffic. While hybrid write-invalidate/write-update snooping protocols lead to fewer read misses than write-invalidate protocols, previous studies have shown them to be incapable of providing consistent performance improvements because of heavily increased coherence traffic. In this paper, we analyze how the deficiencies of hybrid snooping protocols can be dramatically reduced by using write caches and read snarfing (also called read-broadcast) under release consistency. Our performance evaluation is based on program-driven simulation and a set of five scientific applications with different sharing behaviors including migratory sharing as well as producer–consumer sharing. We show that one of the evaluated hybrid protocols, extended with write caches as well as read snarfing, manages to reduce the number of coherence misses by between 83 and 93% as compared to a write-invalidate protocol for all five applications in this study. In addition, the number of bus transactions is reduced substantially. However, we also show that read snarfing and hybrid snooping protocols might lead to higher cache occupancy because of increased sharing. Because of the small implementation cost of the hybrid protocol and the two extensions, we believe the combination to be an effective approach to boosting the performance of bus-based multiprocessors.