Techniques and applications of 3D bioprinting

Abstract

3D bioprinting is an emerging technology that uses computer printing technology and unique bio-ink components to create artificial organs and biomedical objects. It is an interdisciplinary development technology integrating biology, chemistry, materials science, life science and other disciplines, and the technology behind biological 3D printing has improved in its development over the past few decades. Precisely printed biomaterials could benefit both tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 3D bioprinting technology makes it possible to print tissues and organs, providing favorable conditions for organ transplantation and medical experiments. This paper mainly reviews the development of bioprinting technology and related concepts. According to the morphological change and chemical composition, the commonly used bioprinting materials (bio-inks) and their characteristics are described. The main methods of bioprinting are summarized, including traditional inkjet 3D bioprinting, extrusion 3D bioprinting, laser-assisted 3D bioprinting, photocuring 3D bioprinting and emerging 4D bioprinting and in situ bioprinting technologies. Finally, the paper introduces the development trend of bioprinting in the transplantation of skin, blood vessels and complex organs, as well as the precision research of tumors. In addition, current research challenges and prospects for future bioprinted 3D printing materials are discussed.