Abstract
Experimental models of organ transplantation play a crucial role in establishing the principles of transplantation immunobiology. Murine transplant models of vascularized organs are particularly useful for immunobiological studies because there are more immunological tools available. However, the technique of kidney transplant in mice is very challenging. A difficult aspect of this model is urinary reconstruction, which is frequently associated to complications. In this article, the technique of mouse kidney transplantation using an anti-reflux system (modified extravesical ureteroneocystostomy) is described and illustrated for the first time. Although technically demanding, this procedure is feasible and may reduce the incidence of urine leakage and reflux.
Highlights
Transplant models of vascularized organs in the mouse are useful for immunobiological studies because there are more immunological tools available [1,2]
The technique of mouse kidney transplantation was first established by Skoskiewicz & Russel already in 1973 [3], improved by Kalina [4] and Zhang [5]
Male inbred C57BL/6 mice (Jackson Laboratories) weighting 20-30 g were used for kidney transplantations
Summary
Transplant models of vascularized organs in the mouse are useful for immunobiological studies because there are more immunological tools available (inbred, transgenic and knockout animals; genetic mapping, monoclonal antibodies, reagents, etc.) [1,2]. Depending on the size of the caval patch, 5 to 7 times the vein was stitched on each side, avoiding pinching the opposite wall After both anastomoses were performed, the first distal loop was loosened and the proximal loop. Urinary reconstruction in mouse kidney transplantation has been performed either by direct implantation of the ureter in the bladder without anastomosis or most commonly by bladder-to-bladder anastomosis using a large bladder patch. No splint was used since it has been associated with more urological complications [6], and the bladder patch allows enough area to Figures 3 – Urinary reconstruction using a bladder-to-bladder anastomosis and an anti-reflux technique similar to an extravesical ureteroneocystostomy. The technique described here avoids continuous (running) suture of muscular layer that increases ischemia and the risk of patch necrosis and urine leakage. The potential advantages of this technique applied in the murine model still need to be confirmed in the long-term in case-control studies
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