Abstract
Vanilla is a high-value spice product and is used as a flavoring ingredient for food and beverages, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Indonesia is a major producer of vanilla in the world, however the production has declined since 2017, due to the high risk in vanilla cultivation, like economic risks (fluctuations of vanilla prices), technical risks (high attack of vanilla stem rot disease) and social risks (threats of vanilla fruit theft). Hence, vanilla cultivation has a low level of sustainability. This review aims to analyze risk control systems in vanilla cultivation to improve the sustainability of vanilla production. Given that the main risk in vanilla cultivation is the risk of attacks of vanilla stem rot disease, the risk control system uses it as a reference factor, while other factors as supporting factors. The hierarchy of risk control in the vanilla cultivation system when connected with its sustainability level follows reverse pyramids of vanilla cultivation systems in open land, shade houses and greenhouses. In its implementation, to increase the continued cultivation of vanilla in Indonesia is required cultivation with the highest risk control system, although there are consequences of increased investment costs but the opportunity to achieve high productivity will be better.
Highlights
Vanilla is a spice that is widely used as a flavor and aroma of food and beverages such as cakes, breads, and ice cream both in the industry and household as well as ingredients in the pharmaceutical and perfume industries
This study aims to study the sustainable vanilla cultivation and processing system at various levels of environmental control, especially in order to control the rotting disease of vanilla stems and theft disorders of vanilla pods, which can be developed in Indonesia, as well as analyze various possible marketing systems to anticipate the occurrence of fluctuations in vanilla prices that have been the main factors that affect the sustainability of vanilla production in Indonesia
Indonesia is a major producer of vanilla in the world besides Madagascar and China, Indonesia's vanilla production has declined since 2017
Summary
Vanilla is a spice that is widely used as a flavor and aroma of food and beverages such as cakes, breads, and ice cream both in the industry and household as well as ingredients in the pharmaceutical and perfume industries. Based on the risks inherent in vanilla business, the sustainable vanilla cultivation is more focused on cultivation that can control the attack of rotting vanilla stems that are environmentally friendly and can still achieve high productivity so that the products produced remain competitive. This study aims to study the sustainable vanilla cultivation and processing system at various levels of environmental control, especially in order to control the rotting disease of vanilla stems and theft disorders of vanilla pods, which can be developed in Indonesia, as well as analyze various possible marketing systems to anticipate the occurrence of fluctuations in vanilla prices that have been the main factors that affect the sustainability of vanilla production in Indonesia
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