Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) was the first important biotechnology applied to improve the genetics of farm animals. It allows the rapid and massive diffusion of desirable characteristics of males with high productive potential. We describe the different types of estrus induction and synchronization techniques and the use of the AI with fresh, chilled or frozen semen. Through the adequacy of the protocols of estrus synchronization and AI to the different production systems, the efficient use of reproductive techniques is possible, reaching acceptable pregnancy rates. Summary of reproductive results obtained using cervical and laparoscopic AI are presented.
Highlights
The artificial insemination (AI) technique is an assisted reproduction technology and consists in the application of a dose of semen into the female reproductive tract by means of instruments
We describe the different types of estrus induction and synchronization techniques and the use of the Artificial insemination (AI) with fresh, chilled or frozen semen
Up to now, pregnancy rates obtained by transcervical insemination are generally lower than with laparoscopic insemination (Cseh et al, 2012)
Summary
The artificial insemination (AI) technique is an assisted reproduction technology and consists in the application of a dose of semen into the female reproductive tract by means of instruments. Menchaca et al (2017) suggested that these short treatments result in a series of benefits like a better control of follicular response and ovulation, acceptable fertility rates (not lower than conventional P4 treatments), shorter period for implementation of large scale TAI programs, and in some cases, allowing the reutilization of intravaginal devices These advantages have important implications for the widespread adoption of insemination in sheep. Fierro et al (2016, 2017) published studies about ovarian follicular growth, concentrations of steroid hormones, estrous response, ovulation time, ovulation rate, conception, fertility and prolificacy rates after estrus synchronization with PGF2α, in order to identify which protocol was the most effective for TAI with fresh semen, establishing that the minimum length of the luteal phase prior to insemination, necessary for acceptable reproductive results, should be 12 days. The first limitation occurs as a consequence of the reproductive anatomy of the sheep cervix, whose cervical rings are more numerous and irregular than in other species; this condition
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