Abstract
European policy demands climate neutrality by the year 2050. Therefore, any manufacturing optimization needs to be achieved in the well-known pareto of global warming potential (GWP) reduction combined with cost of goods (COG) reduction at increasing product amounts, while still being able to compete in the world market. The chemical–pharmaceutical industry is one of the most energy-intensive industries. The pharmaceutical industry operates with low batch sizes, but high margins. This study analyzes, based on the literature and Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi; English: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy)-funded project results, the technical potentials for energy and GWP reduction, while focusing on biologics and botanicals, because those are already widely based on natural raw material resources. The potential impact for green technologies is pointed out in relation to climate-neutral manufacturing.
Highlights
Germany contributes about 2% to the worldwide CO2 eq emissions [1]
In contrast and in addition, this paper focuses on biologics and botanicals, because they are already sustainable green natural products
Reverse calculating the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the total pharma sector globally by the initially introduced factor of five to 10 leads to 50–100 Mt CO2 eq/a, which is in very good agreement with the reported data we discussed in the introduction [40,42]
Summary
Germany contributes about 2% to the worldwide CO2 eq emissions [1]. Industrial manufacturing contributes about 30% [2], whereas the chemical–pharmaceutical industry contributes about 14% [3], being third in the rankings after the iron and steel and cement industries. As a final step, only needed before broad(five industrialization, any Biologics manufacturing has been improved drastically in terms of COGs to 10) and GWP prototype operation has to be proven valid for industrial decision makers who have a natural (five to 10) [34]. As a final step, only needed before broad industrialization, any prototype tendencyhas towards a conservative modest technical total risk avoidance operation to be proven valid for industrial decision imagination makers who ability have a and natural tendency towardsin such strictly regulated industries [35]. The potential for a reduction in energy and GWP has been analyzed by funded project results, in order to identify the most important activities needed in research and assessing the status quo and using data from the literature, as well as BMWi-funded project results, industry to reach the goal of climate neutrality. In order to identify the most important activities needed in research and industry to reach the goal of climate neutrality
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