Abstract
Industrial equipment such as electric arc furnaces and steel mills are often associated with rapid and high load disturbances, so their power systems require additional control equipment to limit the frequency. However, proper ancillary service fees are not paid in these cases with extreme and variable load demands. The frequency regulation reserve equipment adds to power generation costs. Therefore, variable power generation loads lead to increases in the cost of energy production. We propose a load frequency control method that is applied on the customer end instead of the power supply end to reduce the operating reserve required to improve the energy efficiency of the power system. We analyzed the load fluctuation of steel mill customers using real data sampled at two-second intervals from the energy management system in Korea. We developed an automatic generation control program to simulate the power system’s frequency characteristics. We also propose compensation techniques for mitigation of the system’s frequency deviation at the customer end based on an energy storage system, pump storage hydro generator, customer generator, and plant process adjustment. To recover the frequency deviation, we calculated the compensation facility capacity and analyzed static characteristics, and we proved the feasibility via simulations.
Highlights
Power system operator adjusts the schedule for power feeding to meet both the power demand and supply demand with the aim of managing power systems stably [1,2,3]
We developed an automatic generation control (AGC) program to simulate the frequency characteristics of the power system
The results show that using a peak reduction (PR) generator is an effective way for load frequency control (LFC) to stabilize the frequency within 10 min
Summary
Power system operator adjusts the schedule for power feeding to meet both the power demand and supply demand with the aim of managing power systems stably [1,2,3]. Because of the large and short-term fluctuations, which exceed the contracted capacity of the demand meter (DM), the loads of the steel manufacturing industry have a serious effect on the 1 h-based power supply system [22]. To cope with power demand and supply, the frequency regulation reserve against load fluctuation is expanded. There is no regulation in South Korea for those who cause specific ancillary service operations and frequency deviations in power systems. Some customers, such as companies with electric arc furnaces and steel mills, have highly variable electric load demands, but do not pay proper ancillary service fees for them.
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