Technical equipment justification methodology for the cultivation of grain crops

Abstract

The article presents a methodology for evaluating tillage and seeding aggregates, taking into account soil and climatic conditions of farms. We offer a comprehensive assessment index of the performance of sowing machines and complexes for sowing crops, which takes into account productivity, fuel efficiency, sowing quality and reliability of the technological process to a certain point in time. Unit serviceability is measured by the ratio of the unit's capacity during the main time to the capacity during the shift time. Fuel consumption indicator for machines is the ratio of tillage depth, for seeders it is the sowing depth to specific fuel consumption. Soil cultivation quality is assessed by indicators of ridging and crumbling of the soil, the quality of sowing by the ratio of the actual seeding rate and the depth of seeding to the given technical specifications. The integral functions of the distribution of probabilities of failure-free operation in the form of an exponential law of distribution are used as an indicator of reliability assessment. For calculations, the results of agrotechnical and economic evaluation, taken from the protocols of machine tests at machine test stations, are used. Based on the research, effective sets of machines for the cultivation of crops, which are characterized by low costs, high quality of work and reliability, were proposed. In first place were taken by the grain seeders S-6PM2, SZP-3,6B, SZP-5,4, AMAZONE D9-60 Super; seeding complexes KSKP2,1D × 5 OMICH, Kuzbass PK-8,5, John Deere "730". The second place was taken by John Deere 455, ASTRA SZT-5,4, SKP-2,1D × 5, Pronto 12NT Horsch, DMC Primera 9000; seeding complexes Irtysh-10, AGRATOR-combidisk-9000, Kuzbass PK-9,7A.