Technical challenges when scaling up macroinvertebrate DNA metabarcoding

Abstract

Bulk macroinvertebrate DNA metabarcoding is proven a useful tool for routine assessment of freshwater ecosystems. Following a small scale study in 2017, using 18 samples from Finland Elbrecht et al. 2017, sampling and metabarcoding efforts were extended to a total of 297 official monitoring samples from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, and Finland as part of the SCANDNAnet project. Macroinvertebrates from these samples were morphologically identified and subsequently DNA metabarcoding was performed. While the project was ultimately successful, documenting generally congruence between identification methods, we encountered a wide range of unexpected challenges when scaling sample throughput Meissner et al. 2020. In this technical talk we highlight major roadblocks and potential solutions to improve turnaround time and reliability of future large scale DNA based monitoring efforts. We identify a need for tighter quality control and quality assurance in laboratory procedures, and exemplify the benefits of laboratory automation when processing hundreds of samples within a single week. We further discuss the need for scalable computational infrastructure, reliable sequencing providers and well-curated, purpose driven, macroinvertebrate reference databases for the Fennoscandian region. The lessons learned from the SCANDNAnet project will be indispensable in building a reliable infrastructure for a future DNA based monitoring of macroinvertebrates across Fennioscandia and beyond.